Place
The Grand Mosque of Bandung (Indonesian Masjid Raya Bandung),
previously known as the Great Mosque of Bandung (Indonesian Great Mosque of Bandung),
is a mosque in Bandung, the provincial
capital of West Java, Indonesia. The mosque received the status of
provincial mosque of West Java Province
in 2004. It is located on the east side of the alun-alun ofBandung.
Contents
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1History
History
The mosque after receiving its first front gallery and
fish-scale patterned fence.
The
Grand Mosque of Bandung, previously the Great Mosque of Bandung, was first
constructed in 1812. The first building was a humble wooden structure on a
raised platform and covered in bamboo weave wall and multi-tiered thatched
roof. A large pool in the mosque complex provided water for the ablution
ritual before performing prayer.[1]
In
1826, the mosque was gradually renovated, the roof was refurbished and the
bamboo weave wall was replaced with sturdier wood. In 1850, with the
construction of the Grote Postweg (now
Jalan Asia Afrika), the mosque was renovated and expanded; the roof was
replaced with clay tiles, and the wall was replaced with solid bricks. The
pyramidal multi-tiered roof gave the mosque a nickname bale nyungcung (Sundanese "spiky
pavilion").[1]In
1875, the mosque base was replaced with solid stone, and the perimeter of the
mosque complex was enclosed with a new brick wall with fish-scale pattern; a
traditional pattern associated with Bandung which was also found in the walls
surrounding the Pendopo complex of Bandung. In 1900, the main prayer hall
received an expansion in form of covered porch (pawestren) to the south
and north of the main prayer hall.[1]
In
1930, the covered front porch (serambi) of the Great Mosque was
refurbished following the design of Henri Maclaine Pont.[2]Two-tiered
roofs, mimicking the main prayer's hall three-tiered roof, were added to the
left and right of the mosque's facade.[1]
In
1955, the year of the Asia-Africa Conference,
the mosque received its first major renovation. In order to accommodate the
guests of the Asia-Africa Conference, the mosque was greatly expanded, reducing
its original courtyard into a narrow space. As a result, the original
19th-century multi-tiered roofs, the pawestren, and the two-tiered serambi were
demolished. The traditional Javanese multi-tiered roof was replaced with an
onion-shaped mosque designed by President Sukarno himself. In 1967, strong gale
damaged this new dome. In 1970, the mosque received a new hip roof.[1]
In
1971, the Governor of West Java decided to expand the mosque yet again.
Construction began in 1972 and was completed on October 1, 1973. At this stage,
the mosque received its first second floor and a basement for performing ritual
ablution. The roof style is transformed into a joglo-style
roof. The mosque also received a new cylindrical modern-style minaret and a
bridge which connects the mosque with alun-alun.[1] The overall look disturbs the facade
of the mosque.[2] During the 1980s, high solid wall
and a steel entrance were added to the front of the mosque.[2]
Current
mosque
Last
major renovation occurred in 2001. Construction started on February 25, 2001
and was completed in June 4, 2003. The project was part of the rehabilitation
of Bandung'salun-alun project, the overall project was
completed on January 13, 2004. At this time, the mosque name was changed from Masjid Agung Bandung ("Bandung Great Mosque")
to Masjid Raya Bandung ("Bandung Grand Mosque"),
elevating its status into a provincial mosque.
The
new mosque design is the result of a collaboration between four native Bandung
designers: Keulman, Arie Atmadibrata, Nu'man, and Slamet Wirasonjaya. The main
circular dome (where the original roof stood) is 30 meter in diameter; two
smaller domes flank the front facade of the mosque. A new west wing of the
mosque is built on an area where the Alun-alun Barat Street used to be, merging
the mosque with the alun-alun.[1] The decision of removing the
Alun-alun Barat Street results in an awkward urban design: thealun-alun design, normally surrounded by four
streets, is now merged with the mosque; traffic diversion has to be adjusted
with Banceuy Street and Dewi Sartika Street now disconnected; and Swarha
Building, an Art Deco building whom facade was designed to be located on the
corner of the road Alun-alun Barat Street and Asia-Afrika Street, is now
awkwardly situated on one street.
The
most distinctive feature of the mosque is its two twin minarets, each 81 meter
high. The minarets were planned to be 99 meter high to represent the 99 names of Allah but
was changed to 81 meter because of height restriction related with the position
of Husein
Sastranegara International Airport.[2] The minarets flank the main building
to the left and right. Both minarets are topped with a small roofed pavilion
that mimics the original roof of the Great Mosque of Bandung. The top of the
minarets are open to public every Saturday and Monday
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